{"id":2994,"date":"2020-12-03T16:06:50","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T13:06:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/?page_id=2994"},"modified":"2020-12-03T16:06:50","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T13:06:50","slug":"2020-4-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/2020-4-1\/","title":{"rendered":"2020 (4) 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15407\/polymerj.42.04.245
\nCOPOLYMERS AND INTERPENETRATING POLYMER<\/strong>
\nNETWORKS OF THERMOREACTIVE NITROGEN-CONTAINING<\/strong>
\nRESINS. MINI REVIEW<\/strong>
\nA.M. FAINLEIB<\/strong>
\nInstitute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shose, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
\ne-mail: fainleib@i.ua<\/a>
\nORCID: 0000-0001-8658-4219
\nPolym. J., 2020, 42, no. 4: 245-253.
\nSection: Review.
\nLanguage: English.<\/p>\n

\nAbstract:<\/strong>
\nIn a short review the effective methods of optimization of structure and properties of high-performance polymers obtained from thermoreactive nitrogen-containing resins such as benzoxazines, bismaleimides, cyanate esters have been analysed. High crosslinked density copolymer thermosets are synthesized through chemical interactions between reactive functional groups, which belong to the monomers\/oligomers used. The different possible processes such as copolymerization or formation of interpenetrating polymer networks are discussed. The high-performance polymers and composites from thermoreactive nitrogen-containing resins are effectively used in aerospace industry and microelectronics as materials possessing high thermal and thermooxidative stability, radiation and chemical resistance, low water absorption, low dielectric loss, high dimension stability and high adhesion to different substrate. The performance characteristics of this kind of materials can be controlled by changing their composition, temperature-time curing schedule, using catalytic systems.<\/em><\/p>\n

\nKeywords: copolymers, IPNs, thermoreactive resins, benzoxazine, bismaleimide, cyanate ester resins.<\/p>\n

REFERENCES<\/strong>
\n1. Riess G., Schwob J. M., Guth G., Roche M., Lande B. Ring opening polymerization of benzoxazines \u2013 a new route to phenolic resins, In book: Advances in polymer synthesis. Eds.: B.M. Culbertson, J.E. Mcgrath, New York: Plenum Press, 1985: 27\u201349. ISBN 978-1-4613-2121-7.
\n2. Handbook of Benzoxazine Resins. Eds.: H. Ishida, T. Agag, Elsevier, 2011. ISBN 9780444537911.
\n3. Chaisuwan T., Ishida H. High\u2010performance maleimide and nitrile\u2010functionalized benzoxazines with good processibility for advanced composites applications. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2006; 101: 548\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.10.1002\/app.23509
\n4. Ishida H., Ohba S. Thermal analysis and mechanical characterization of maleimide\u2010functionalized benzoxazine\/epoxy copolymers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2006; 101: 1670\u20131677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.22499
\n5. Agag T., Takeichi T. Preparation, characterization, and polymerization of maleimidobenzoxazine monomers as a novel class of thermosetting resins. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym Chem., 2006, 44: 1424\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pola.21245
\n6. Liu Y.-L., Yu J.-M. Cocuring behaviors of benzoxazine and maleimide derivatives and the thermal properties of the cured products. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2006, 44: 1890\u20131899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pola.21290
\n7. Liu Y.-L., Chou C.-I. High performance benzoxazine monomers and polymers containing furan groups. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2005, 43: 5267\u20135282. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1002\/pola.21023
\n8. Liu Y., Zheng S. Inorganic\u2013organic nanocomposites of polybenzoxazine with octa(propylglycidyl ether) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2006, 44: 1168\u20131181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pola.21231
\n9. Arza C.R., Ishida H., Maurer F.H.J. Quantifying Dispersion in Graphene Oxide\/Reactive Benzoxazine Monomer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules, 2014, 47: 3685\u20133692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ma500334j
\n10. Zeng M., Wang J., Li R., Liu J., Chen W., Xu Q., Gu Y. The curing behavior and thermal property of graphene oxide\/benzoxazine nanocomposites. Polymer, 2013, 54: 3107-3116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymer.2013.03.069
\n11. Lin Yu., Stone C.A., Shaw S.J., Song M. Corner\u2010and Side\u2010Opened Cage Silsesquioxanes: Structural Effects on the Materials Properties. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2020, No 9: 737-742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejic.201901182
\n12. Chen Q., Xu R., Yu D. Multiwalled carbon nanotube\/polybenzoxazine nanocomposites: preparation, characterization and properties. Polymer, 2006, 47: 7711\u20137719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymer.2006.08.058
\n13. Rozenberg B.A., Boiko G.N., Morgan R.J., Shin E.E. The cure mechanism of the 4,4\u2019-(N,N\u2019-bismaleimide)diphenylmethane-2,2\u2019-diallylbisphenol A system. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 2001, 43: 386\u2013399.
\n14. Abadie M.J.M., Xiong Y., Boey F.Y.C. UV photo curing of N,N\u2019-bismaleimido-4,4\u2019-diphenylmethane. Eur. Polym. J., 2003, 39: 1243-1247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0014-3057(02)00367-1
\n15. Shimp D.A., Christenson J.R., Ising S.J. Cyanate esters \u2013 an emerging family of versatile composite resins. In book: Proceedings of the 34th Annual International SAMPE Symposium, 1989, 222\u2013223.
\n16. Chemistry and technology of cyanate ester resins. I. Hamerton (Ed.), London: Chapman & Hall, 1994. ISBN 0 7514 0044 0.
\n17. Hamerton I., Hay J.N. Recent Technological Developments in Cyanate Ester Resins. High Perform. Polym., 1998, 10: 163\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0954-0083\/10\/2\/001
\n18. Nair C.P.R., Mathew D., Ninan K.N. Cyanate Ester Resins, Recent Developments. Adv. Polym. Sci., 2000, 155: 1\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-44473-4_1
\n19. Thermostable polycyanurates. Synthesis, modification, structure and properties. A. Fainleib (Ed.), New York: Nova Science Publisher, 2010. ISBN 978-160876-907-0.
\n20. McConnell V.P. Resins for the Hot Zone, Part II: BMIs, CEs, benzoxazines and phthalonitriles. Composites World. High Perform. Compos., 2009, No 9: 49\u201354.
\n21. Fainleib A.M., Sergeeva L.M., Shantalii T.A. Triazinecontaining interpenetrating polymer networks. Comp. Polym. Mat., 1991, 50: 63\u201372.
\n22. Fainleib A., Grigoryeva O., Pissis P. Modification of polycyanurates by polyethers, polyesters and polyurethanes. Hybrid and interpenetrating polymer networks, Chapter 3. In book: Focus on natural and synthetic polymer science. C. Vasile, G.E. Zaikov (Eds.), New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2006: 49\u201384. ISBN 1-60021-115-1.
\n23. Iijima T., Kunimi T., Oyama T., Tomoi M. Modification of cyanate ester resin by soluble polyarylates. Polym. Int., 2003, 52: 773\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pi.1146
\n24. Hwang J.W., Park S.D., Cho K., Kim J.K., Park C.E. Toughening of cyanate ester resins with cyanated polysulfones. Polymer, 1997, 38: 1835\u20131843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0032-3861(96)00715-X
\n25. Kim Y.S., Min H.S., Choi W.J., Kim S.C. Dynamic mechanical modeling of PEI\/dicyanate semi\u2010IPNs. Polym. Eng. Sci., 2000, 40: 665\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pen.11197
\n26. Harismendy I., Rio M.D., Marieta C., Gavalda J., Mondragon I. Dicyanate ester\u2013polyetherimide semi\u2010interpenetrating polymer networks. II. Effects of morphology on the fracture toughness and mechanical properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001, 80: 2759\u20132767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.1391
\n27. Liu J., Ding N., Xu R., He Q., Shen J., Hu B. Cyanate ester resin modified by hydroxyl\u2010terminated polybutadiene: Morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties. Polym. Eng. Sci., 2011, 51: 1404\u20131408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pen.21952
\n28. Kim Y.S, Kim S.C. Properties of polyetherimide\/dicyanate semi-interpenetrating polymer network having the morphology spectrum. Macromolecules, 1999, 32: 2334\u20132341.
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ma981083v
\n29. Lee B.K., Kim S.C. Morphology and properties of semi\u2010IPNs of polyetherimide and bisphenol A dicyanate. Polym. Adv. Technol., 1995, 6: 402\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pat.1995.220060 604
\n30. Iijima T., Katsurayama S., Fukuda W., Tomoi M. Modification of cyanate ester resin by poly(ethylene phthalate) and related copolyesters. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2000, 76: 208\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(20000411)76:2<208::AID-APP10>3.0.CO;2-N.
\n31.Woo E.M., Shimp D.A., Seferis J.C. Phase structure and toughening mechanism of a thermoplastic-modified aryl dicyanate. Polymer, 1994, 35: 1658\u20131665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/032-3861(94)90839-7
\n32. Hwang J.W., Cho K., Yoon T.H., Rark C.E. Effects of molecular weight of polysulfone on phase separation behavior for cyanate ester\/polysulfone blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2000; 77: 921\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(20000725)77:4<921::AID-APP28 >3.0.CO;2-4
\n33. Chang J.-Y., Hong J.-L. Morphology and fracture toughness of poly(ether sulfone)-blended polycyanurates. Polymer, 2000; 41: 4513\u20134521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0032-3861(99)00616-3
\n34.Hwang J.W., Cho K., Rark C.E., Huh W. Phase separation behavior of cyanate ester resin\/polysulfone blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1999; 74: 33\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(19991003)74:1<33::AID-APP4>3.0.CO;2-Q
\n35. Recalde I.B., Campos A., Mondragon I., Gomez C.M. Miscibility and kinetic behaviour of cyanate resin\/polysulfone blends. Macromol. Symp., 2001; 174: 175\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1022-1360(200108)174:<175:MAKBOC>2.0.ZU;2-9
\n36. Harismendy I., Del Rio M., Eceiza A., Gavalda J., Gomez C.M., Mondragon I. Morphology and thermal behavior of dicyanate ester\u2010polyetherimide semi\u2010IPNS cured at different conditions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2000; 76: 1037\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ (SICI) 1097-4628(20000516)76:7<1037::AID-APP7>3.0.CO;2-Y
\n37. Srinivasan S.A., McGrath J.E. Synthesis and thermal stability of novel anion exchange resins with spacer chains. J.Appl. Polym. Sci., 1997; 64: 167\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(19970509)64:6<1161::AID-APP16>3.0.CO;2-Z
\n38. Rau A.V., Srinivasan S.A., McGrath J.E., Loos A.C. Resin transfer molding (RTM) with toughened cyanate ester resin systems. Polym. Comp., 1998; 19: 166\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1002\/pc.10088
\n39. Marieta C., Del Rio M., Harismendy I., Mondragon I. Effect of the cure temperature on the morphology of a cyanate ester resin modified with a thermoplastic: characterization by atomic force microscopy. Eur. Polym. J., 2000; 36: 1445\u20131454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016 \/S0014-3057(99)00203-7
\n40. Chang J.-Y., Hong J.-L. Polar interaction in a cyanated poly(ether sulfone)-modified polycyanurate. Polymer, 1998; 39: 7119\u20137122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0032-3861(98)00 185-2
\n41. Hillermeier R.W., Seferis J.C. Environmental effects on thermoplastic and elastomer toughened cyanate ester composite systems. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2000; 77: 556\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(20000718)77:3<556::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-9
\n42. Brown J.M., Srinivasan S.A., Rau A.V., Ward T.C., McGrath J.E., Loos A.C., Hood D., Kranbeuhl D.E. Production of controlled networks and morphologies in toughened thermosetting resins using real-time, in situ cure monitoring. Polymer, 1996; 37: 1691\u20131696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0032-3861(96)83720-7
\n43. Tang Y., Liang G., Zhang Z., Han J. Performance of aluminum borate whisker reinforced cyanate ester resin. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007 ; 106: 4131\u20134137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ app.26118
\n44. Dominguez D.D., Laskoski M., Keller T.M. Modification of Oligomeric Cyanate Ester Polymer Properties with Multi\u2010Walled Carbon Nanotube\u2010Containing Particles. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2009; 210: 1709\u20131716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/macp.200900343
\n45. Wooster T.J., Abrol S., MacFarlane D.R. Rheological and mechanical properties of percolated cyanate ester nanocomposites. Polymer, 2005; 46: 8011\u20138017. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1016\/j.polymer.2005.06.106
\n46. Ren P., Liang G., Zhang Z., Lu T. ZnO whisker reinforced M40\/BADCy composite. Composites, Part A. Appl. Sci. Manuf., 2006 ; 37: 46\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compositesa.2005.05.018
\n47. Maroulas P., Kripotou S., Pissis P., Fainleib A., Bei I., Bershtein V., Gomza Yu. Molecular Mobility in Polycyanurate\/Clay Nanocomposites Studied by Dielectric Techniques. J. Compos. Mater., 2009; 43: 943\u2013958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0021998308097736
\n48. Anthoulis G.I., Kontou E., Fainleib A., Bei I. Polytetramethylene glycol-modified polycyanurate matrices reinforced with nanoclays: synthesis and thermomechanical performance. Mech. Comp. Mater., 2009; 45: 175\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11029-009-9073-x
\n49. Anthoulis G.I., Kontou E., Fainleib A., Bei I., Gomza Yu. Synthesis and characterization of polycyanurate\/montmorillonite nanocomposites. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 2008; 46: 1036\u20131049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/polb.21436
\n50. Bershtein V.A., Fainleib A.M., Pissis P., Bei I.M., Dalmas F., Egorova L.M., Gomza Y.P., Kripotou S., Maroulas P., Yakushev P.N. Polycyanurate\u2013organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposites: Structure\u2013dynamics\u2013properties relationships. J. Macromol. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 2008; 47: 555\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0022 2340801955545
\n51. Fainleib A., Bardash L., Boiteux G. Catalytic effect of carbon nanotubes on polymerization of cyanate ester resins. eXPRESS Polym. Let., 2009; 3: 477\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3144\/ expresspolymlett.2009.59
\n52. Liang K., Li G., Toghiani H., Koo J.H., Pittman C.U.Jr. Cyanate Ester\/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Characterization. Chem. Mater., 2006; 18: 301\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cm051582s
\n53. Cho H.-S., Liang K., Chatterjee S., Pittman C.U.Jr. Synthesis, Morphology and Viscoelastic Properties of Epoxy\/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) and Epoxy\/Cyanate Ester\/POSS Nanocomposites. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym., 2011; 21: 128\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10904-010-9436-8
\n54. Pittman C.U. Jr., Li G.-Z., Ni H. Hybrid inorganic\/organic crosslinked resins containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. Macromol. Symp., 2003; 196: 301\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org \/10.1002\/masy.200390170
\n55. Liang K., Toghiani H., Li G., Pittman C.U. Jr. Synthesis, morphology, and viscoelastic properties of cyanate ester\/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2005; 43: 3887\u20133898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pola.20861
\n56. Wright M.E., Petteys B.J., Guenthner A.J., Yandek G.R., Baldwin L.C., Jones C., Roberts M.J. Synthesis and chemistry of a monotethered-POSS bis(cyanate) ester: Thermal curing of micellar aggregates leads to discrete nanoparticles. Macromolecules, 2007; 40: 3891\u20133894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ma0703507
\n57. Lin Y., Jin J., Song M., Shaw S.J., Stone C.A. Curing dynamics and network formation of cyanate ester resin\/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites. Polymer, 2011; 52: 1716\u20131724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymer.2011.02.041
\n58. Ma J., Li Q. Adv. Gelation Behavior, Morphology, Thermal and Viscoelastic Properties of Epoxy-Cyanate Ester\/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Nanocomposites. Mater. Res., 2006; 11-12: 323\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.11-12.323
\n59. Lu T., Liang G., Guo Z. Preparation and characterization of organic\u2013inorganic hybrid composites based on multiepoxy silsesquioxane and cyanate resin. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2006 ; 101: 3652\u20133658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.22743
\n60. Bershtein V., Fainleib \u0410., Egorova L., Grigoryeva O., Kirilenko D., Konnikov S., Ryzhov V., Starostenko O., Yakushev P., Yagovkina M., Saiter J.-M. The impact of ultra-low amounts of introduced reactive POSS nanoparticles on structure, dynamics and properties of densely cross-linked cyanate ester resins. Eur. Polym. J., 2015 ; 67: 128\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.022
\n61. Bershtein V., Fainleib \u0410., Egorova L., Gusakova K., Grigoryeva O., Kirilenko D., Konnikov S., Ryzhov V., Yakushev P., Lavrenyuk N. The impact of ultra-low amounts of amino-modified MMT on dynamics and properties of densely cross-linked cyanate ester resins. Nanoscale Res. Let., 2015; 10:165, 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11671-015-0868-5
\n62. Fan J., Hu X., Yue C.Y. Thermally stabilized bismaleimide\u2013triazine resin composites for 10-GHz level high-frequency application. Polym. Int., 2003; 52: 15-22. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1177\/0954008317732396
\n63. Wu G., Kou K., Li N., Shi H., Chao M. Electrically conductive adhesive based on bismaleimide\u2010triazine resin filled with microcoiled carbon fibers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013; 128: 1164\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.38348
\n64. Guan Q., Gu A., Liang G., Yuan L., Liao F., Gong Y. Curing kinetics and mechanism of novel high performance hyperbranched polysiloxane\/bismaleimide\/cyanate ester resins for resin transfer molding. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2011; 122: 304\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1002\/app.34073
\n65. Zeng X., Yu S., Sun R. Thermal behavior and dielectric property analysis of boron nitride\u2010filled bismaleimide\u2010triazine resin composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013; 128: 1353\u20131359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.38276
\n66. Kimura H., Ohtsuka K., Matsumoto A. Curing reaction of bisphenol-A based benzoxazine with cyanate ester resin and the properties of the cured thermosetting resin. eXPRESS Polym. Let., 2011; 5: 1113\u20131122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3144\/expresspolymlett.2011.108
\n67. Kimura H., Ohtsuka K., Matsumoto A. New Thermosetting Resin from Benzoxazine and Cyanate Ester Resin. Adv. Polym. Technol., 2013; 32: E651\u2013E659. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1002\/adv.21308
\n68. Kumar K.S.S., Nair C.P.R., Ninan K.N. Investigations on the cure chemistry and polymer properties of benzoxazine\u2013cyanate ester blends. Eur. Polym. J., 2009; 45: 494\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2008.11.001
\n69. Wang M.W., Jeng R.J., Lin C.H. Origin of the Rapid Trimerization of Cyanate Ester in a Benzoxazine\/Cyanate Ester Blend. Macromolecules, 2015; 48: 2417\u22122421. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1021\/acs.macromol.5b00334
\n70. Karikal Chozhan C., Chandramohan A., Alagar M. Development and characterization of 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane-based benzoxazine and cyanate ester hybrid polymer matrices: Thermal and morphological properties. Polym. Polym. Comp., 2019; 27: 609\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967391119853747
\n71. Wang Y., Kou K., Wu G., Zhuo L., Li J., Zhang Y. The curing reaction of benzoxazine with bismaleimide\/cyanate ester resin and the properties of the terpolymer. Polymer, 2015; 77: 354\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymer.2015.09.059<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15407\/polymerj.42.04.245 COPOLYMERS AND INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS OF THERMOREACTIVE NITROGEN-CONTAINING RESINS. MINI REVIEW A.M. FAINLEIB Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shose, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine e-mail: fainleib@i.ua ORCID: 0000-0001-8658-4219 Polym. J., 2020, 42, no. 4: 245-253. Section: Review. Language: English. Abstract: In a short review the effective methods of optimization of structure and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2994"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2994"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2995,"href":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2994\/revisions\/2995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/polymerjournal.kiev.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}