2026 (2) 4
https://doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.48.02.080
COMPOSITE COATING MATERIALS MODIFIED WITH CASTOR OIL-BASED BLOCK COPOLYMERS
Valentyna SYSYUK* (ORCID: 0000-0003-4371-337X)
Natalia BUSKO (ORCID: 0000-0001-9831-6748)
Liubov ZEL (ORCID: 0000-0002-0663-8262)
Volodymyr GRISHCHENKO (ORCID: 0000-0002-4951-936Х)
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 48 Kharkivske Highway, Kyiv 02155, Ukraine
*Corresponding author.
E-mail: sisyk.valentina@gmail.com
Polimernyi Zhurnal, 2026, 48, no. 2: 80-89
Section: Structure and properties
Language: Ukrainian.
Received 8.04.2026
Accepted 30.05.2026
Published 24.06.2026
Abstract
The purpose of the work is to modify existing paint and varnish materials based on the alkyd varnish PF-170 and to develop new film-formers using functionalized oligomers to improve the materials’ properties during operation. To obtain new polymer materials, a method for synthesizing a modifier – an oligomeric ester epoxy block copolymer (RCO-DEC) based on carboxylated castor oil (cycloaliphatic diepoxide) has been developed. This product is characterized by the presence of active functional groups, such as carboxyl, epoxy, ester, hydroxyl, and double bonds, as confirmed by IR spectra of the processes. To modify the varnish, a reactive oligomer was also used: cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (CGF), obtained by polycondensation of cyclohexanone with formaldehyde. The synthesized block copolymer was added to alkyd varnish to form a new film-forming system that produces coatings via oxidative polymerization in air. The interaction of alkyd varnish with the synthesized block copolymer was accompanied by the disappearance of epoxy groups at 911 cm−1 and a significant decrease in the C-O-C ester stretching band at 1098 cm-1, indicating structural transformations in the composite material resulting from the interaction of the components. The addition of two modifiers (RCO-DEC and CGF) changes the structure of the paint and varnish material, with the disappearance of the carbonyl fragment C=O in the spectrum, corresponding to CGF in the region of 1712 cm−1, and the appearance of a new band in the composition in the region of 1737 cm−1, which is characteristic of the CO bond. There is also an increase in the stretching vibration peaks in the region (1000-1250) cm−1, which correspond to the C-O and C-O-C groups, as well as the binding of active hydroxyl groups in the combination product, their reduction with the formation of intermolecular associates, and a more branched structure. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using two modifiers in the paint composition. The drying time of the coatings in air is significantly reduced, and a structured film is formed with high hardness, strong adhesion to the application base, and resistance to bending and impact. The decorative properties of the coating increase significantly, and the gloss reaches high values that would not have been achievable without the modifier mixture. The best results were obtained when the RCO-DEC block copolymer was used in the paint and varnish composition at 5 wt.% and the CGF oligomer at 3 wt.%. The creation of such composite materials allows for their high-quality use in various industries.
Keywords: paint and varnish coatings, film former, modification, block copolymer, alkyd resin, cycloaliphatic diepoxide, polymerization.
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