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2019 (1) 1

https://doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.41.01.004

Self-healing polymers: approaches of healing and their application

 

A.M. Fainleib, O.H. Purikova

 

Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine

48, Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine

 

Polym. J., 2019, 41, no. 1: 4-18

 

Section: Review.

 

Language: English.

 

Abstract:

 

 

Self-healing (S-H) polymers are a new class of smart materials with extended lifetimes that have the capability to repair themselves when they are damaged without the need for detection or repair by manual intervention of any kind. This paper reviews briefly the studies devoted to the development and characterization of S-H polymeric materials. All relevant approaches in preparation of such polymers can be devided into two groups: autonomic and non-autonomic. Autonomic healing are fully self-contained and requiring no external intervention of any kind, however this method of self-healing is also known as extrinsic because of presence of additional healing agent placed in reservoir in polymer material. Autonomic healing can be further divided into sub-categories based on the self-healing concept employed. The subcategories include: capsule systems and microvascular or fiber network-based systems. Non-autonomic healing are partially self-contained; healing capability is designed into the material, that is why this method is also named as intrinsic. But additional external stimuli such as heat or UV-radiation is required for the healing to occur in this method. Intrinsic self-healing polymer can be tailored to become chemically ‘sticky’ along break lines. Polymers can also be designed to respond to a variety of different energetic conditions, e.g. specific electromagnetic fields or bullet permeation. This paper also examines critically benefits and shortcomings of each example of approaches proposed to prepare the S-H systems. Emerging self-healing technologies designed to give polymeric materials the capability to arrest crack propagation at an early stage thereby preventing catastrophic failures will go a long way in helping to increase the scope of applications of these materials. Such techniques are very useful for repairing damage to satellites and spacecraft caused by high-speed debris. Another attractive range of application of S-H polymers observed in this review includes S-H coatings and adhesives. Finally, the challenges and research opportunities are highlighted.

 

Key words: smart materials, self-healing polymers, polymer composites, adhesives, coatings.

 

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