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2020 (2) 1

https://doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.42.02.071

HEAT-RESISTANT POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON HETEROCYCLIC MATRICES

A.M. Fainleib

Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine

e-mail: fainleib@i.ua

ORCID: 0000-0001-8658-4219

Polym. J., 2020, 42, no. 2: 71-84.

Section: Review.

Language: Ukrainian.

Abstract:

The literature review highlights synthesis features, chemical structure and physical properties of heterocyclic polymer matrices for composite materials based on bisphthalonitriles (phthalonitrile resins), promising binders for composites, which can be applied at high temperatures (300–400 °C) and high humidity in the details of aircrafts and microelectronics. Phthalonitrile monomers are synthesized by polycondensation from nitrophthalonitrile and bisphenols. Effective initiators of polymerization are diamines, the activity of which is determined by their chemical structure; phenols, metal salts, also catalyze the process. At temperatures above 200 °C, bisphthalonitriles polymerize to form a set of heterocycles, such as isoindoline, triazine and phthalocyanine, linked to a common polymer network. The ratio of the heterocycles in the polymer network is determined by the temperature and duration of the heat treatment. The rigidity of the structure of the polymer synthesized at temperatures up to 300 °C does not allow reaching a complete conversion. To achieve a conversion of 95 % and higher, post-curing is required at temperatures of 325–425 °C. The carbon plastics obtained based on phthalonitrile resins by the autoclave method demonstrate high physical-mechanical characteristics, which are maintained at a high level when tested at temperatures of 300–400 °C, as well as in conditions of high humidity. In recent years, publications have appeared on the synthesis and study of structure and properties of bisphthalonitrile nanocomposites with inorganic nanofillers, which additionally increase the glass transition temperature of bisphthalonitrile polymerization products to 450–550 °C. For the nanocomposites obtained, the elastic modulus is ~ 3,2 GPa in a wide temperature range (20–600 °C), and a sample subjected to thermal degradation when heated from 20 to 900 °C loses only about 30 % of the mass and retains its integrity (film). The ultra-high temperature resistant nanocomposites were obtained with a temperature of 5% mass loss Td5% = 551 °C and char residue of 92,2% at 800 °C.

 

Keywords: polymer composites, heterocyclic matrices, bisphthalonitriles, heat-resistant binders, nanocomposites.

 

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